Date of first FDA approval: August 1, 2014 Indications Jardiance is FDA-approved for: Type 2 diabetes, heart failure and chronic kidney disease Price of Jardiance: $570.48 for a one-month supply Why it did so well: Jardiance belongs to a class of drugs known as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, inhibiting the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys to lead to the excretion of excess glucose through the urine
Conclusion (Summary first) GLP-1 receptor agonists may increase the risk of cholelithiasis and gallbladder disease The risk is tending to be higher with drugs and dosages that cause greater weight loss The mechanism is reduced gallbladder motility + rapid weight loss Cholelithiasis risk: Overall picture In large-scale meta-analyses, GLP-1 receptor agonist use Gallbladder disease risk: RR 1.37 Cholelithiasis: RR 1.27 Cholecystitis: RR 1.36 1) It is important to note that while this is a significant increase, the "absolute risk is not high." Differences in risk by drug Liraglutide (Victoza) The increase in cholelithiasis risk is relatively clear In the SCALE trials, Gallstone-related events: 2.3% vs 1.0% (placebo) 2) Increased in the group with greater weight loss Semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy) In the STEP trials, etc., Gallbladder disease increasing trend (approx
Kizawa Y, Sekikawa T, Kageyama M, Tomobe H, Kobashi R, Yamada T (2021) Effects of anthocyanin, astaxanthin, and lutein on eye functions: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Inositol supplements are safe to take during your period and throughout pregnancy
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