Following ischemic-induced abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), mtDNA is released into the cytoplasm, where it can be recognized by the pattern recognition receptor TLR9, thereby activating the production of type I interferons and the STING signaling pathway, and driving a distinct interferon-associated neuroinflammatory response (130)
Mechanism of Action: A cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent exerting a broad spectrum of pharmacologic effects with predominant muscarinic action Indications: (Salagen ) resulting from salivary gland hypofunction caused by: Treatment of dry mouth Radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck Sjgrens syndrome, an autoimmune disorder where immune cells attack and destroy the glands that produce tears and saliva Treatment of glaucoma (Open-Angle & Acute Angle-Closure)(Isopto Carpine ) eye drops containing pilocarpine cause contraction of the ciliary muscle which opens the trabecular meshwork spaces to increase the outflow of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm , thereby lowering intra-ocular pressure
Luetragoon T, PanklaSranujit R, Noysang C, Thongsri Y, Potup P, Suphrom N, Nuengchamnong N, Usuwanthim K
Morrow CS, Smitherman PK, Diah SK, Schneider E, Townsend AJ
