Of the records screened, 46 studies were excluded as they were non-clinical studies (including reviews, editorials, and or conference abstracts), 121 studies were excluded because those studies involved non-human subjects, 28 studies were excluded as they were not conducted in AD or MCI patients, 1 study was excluded as it did not have a healthy control group, and 14 studies were excluded as they did not measure GSH in the brain
Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, apoptosis by TUNEL staining and Western blotting, oxidative stress by ROS detection and measurement of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA)
Patients should be monitored for signs of dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies, particularly if gastrointestinal side effects limit intake
Studies have connected low GSH levels to mitochondria cell death