A previous study demonstrated that chronic treatment with angiotensin II increased TGF- expression levels, a change associated with worse cardiac fibrosis and enhanced cardiac collagen synthesis (30)
Notably, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of immune-related genes, including TLR1 , TLR2 , TLR3 , TLR4 , TLR5 , TLR7 , TLR15 , MHC I , MHC II , and MyD88 at various time intervals
94 Experimental and clinical research has substantiated that elevated uric acid levels exert detrimental effects on cardiovascular health, with increased oxidative stress being a key mechanism implicated in these adverse outcomes, 6,66 decreased nitric oxide availability, endothelial dysfunction, the promotion of local and systemic inflammation, vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, insulin resistance 309 and metabolic disorder
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