Also, depending on where they are procured (for example, directly from foreign manufacturers or via online influencers affiliate links), they also pose the risk of being inconsistent in terms of dosing and purity, which comes with inherent safety risks
APE/Ref-1 and the mammalian response to genotoxic stress
Lipoic acid might be able to increase glutathione synthesis in aged rats by up-regulating the expression of -glutamylcysteine ligase (-GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis (31), and by increasing cellular uptake of cysteine, an amino acid required for glutathione synthesis (32)
Originally discovered in human plasma, GHK-Cu plays a significant role in tissue repair, wound healing, collagen production, antioxidant defense, and skin regeneration