(One important accuracy note: NAD+ is a coenzyme rather than a peptide, but it's central enough to longevity research to belong in any serious overview of the category.) The Four Pathways of Longevity Research The compounds below map to four distinct aging-research pathways: NAD+ metabolism NAD+ Telomere and pineal-gland biology Epithalon Mitochondrial-derived signaling MOTS-c Gene expression and collagen / skin aging GHK-Cu 1
Tissue-level healing builds through weeks 2 to 4
R2 R3 hexanoyl Tyr He pb heptanoyl Tyr He Pb pentanoyl Tyr He pb butanoyl Tyr He pb propanoyl Tyr He pb acetanoyl Tyr He pb benzoyl Tyr He pb hexanoyl Tyr lie tyrosine and isoleucine at R2 and R 3 , respectively a wide range of amino acid and other residues might be used for the mimetics or agonists (Family 1 and Families 2- 5, respectively) in the practice of embodiments of the invention at these other positions including, without limitation, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalaine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, tryptophan, lysine, leucine, valine, homocysteine, homoserine, and homophenyalanine
3.2.2 Preservation of gut barrier integrity Gut microbiota can influence the tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells, regulate the expression and function of gap junction proteins, and maintain the integrity and selective permeability of the mucosal barrier
