According to WADA, Colostrum is not prohibited per se, but it contains certain quantities of IGF-1 and other growth factors that are prohibited and can influence the outcome of anti-doping tests
The environmental estrogen, 4-nonylphenol modulates brain estrogen-receptor-and aromatase (CYP19) isoforms gene expression patterns in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )
Stimulation of microglia with LPS has been shown to induce the expression of several genes that are regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-B, including such cytokines as TNF-, interleukin (IL)-1b, interferon (IFN)-, and their receptors, as well as the stress proteins superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2, COX-2, and thioredoxin interacting protein [62,63]
Will lower the costs by eliminating the need for a syringe which drops the cost by a minimum of $1 / dose by eliminating the syringe