In controlled human trials, doses between 6mg and 12mg per day have reduced markers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).22 A 2022 meta-analysis combining results from 12 clinical studies also found small but significant reductions in C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 both indicators of systemic inflammation.23 Researchers think this might be due to astaxanthins ability to interact with key inflammatory signaling pathways like NF-B and Nrf2, which help regulate the bodys balance between inflammation and antioxidant defenses.24 25 These effects appear modest but consistent across studies, though its not yet clear how much they translate into real-world health outcomes
Scholer A, Hugues S, Boissonnas A, Fetler L, Amigorena S
December 2011
Gautham Reddy 5 , Xingyue Huang 6 and Khurram Jamil 6 , (1)The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, (2)Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, (3)University of Minnesota, (4)Tampa General Hospital, (5)University of Chicago Medical Center, (6)Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ Background: Alcohol-related liver disease is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and has recently emerged as the most common indication for liver transplantation
