what are the benefits of taking l carnitine L-Carnitine | Linus Pauling Institute Acetyl-L-Carnitine: Benefits and Side Effects

Intestinal dysbiosis, by increasing inflammation, can alter the tryptophan pathway with increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity that reduces the tryptophan metabolism to serotonin and increases the kinurenine pathway with overproduction of quinolinic acid (QA), which has inflammatory effects in the brain [105]

In addition to pyruvate-derived acetyl-CoA, -KG-derived metabolites (e.g., succinate and fumarate) generated via glutaminolysis are considered oncometabolites contributing to tumorigenesis 23

Kelly K, Manitz J, and Patel MR, et al (2020) Efficacy and immune-related adverse event associations in avelumab-treated patients J Immunother Cancer 8 (2) PMID: 33219092 PMCID: 7682456 50

Together, these three peptides could offer an excellent means of fighting inflammation in general, but specifically intestinal inflammation