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doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1677310 Received 29 August 2025 Revised 25 December 2025 Accepted 06 January 2026 Published 27 January 2026 Volume 17 - 2026 Edited by Elena Lucarini, University of Florence, Italy Reviewed by Wei Nan, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, China Vittoria Borgonetti, University of Siena, Italy Updates Copyright 2026 Lai, Tang, Chen, Zhou, Qi, Cao, Yuan, Yu and Wen