Older literature sometimes uses Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 or PL 14736 (the development code used during early clinical work) as synonyms
The separation gradient was run with 2% to 5% B over 1 minute, 5% to 10% B over 9 minutes, 10% to 20% B over for 27 minutes, 20% to 35% B over 10 minutes, 35% B to 99% B over 10 minutes, a 2 minute hold at 99% B, and finally 99% B to 2% B held at 2% B for 5 minutes 17
NAD + acts as a cofactor in multiple reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions related to energy production, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and serine biosynthesis
They found that in addition to slowing the progression of degeneration in the treatment group compared to controls, the peptide also improved levels of the protein aggrecan