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Afrin S, Alashqar A, El Sabeh M, Miyashita-Ishiwata M, Reschke L, Brennan JT, Fader A, Borahay MA

E3 ligases are broadly categorized according to their catalytic domains

TMAO can upregulate scavenger receptors, such as cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and scavenger receptor class A type 1 (SR-A1), and promote the formation of foam cells, leading to development and progression of atherosclerosis ( Atherosclerosis: TMAO Activates ERS The ER, formed in continuity with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, plays a key role as a central eukaryotic membranous organelle and is responsible for the synthesis, folding, and maturation of membrane and secreted proteins, lipid biosynthesis, and calcium storage ( via ERmitochondrial stress in vitro and aggravates aortic valve lesions in mice ( Thrombus Formation: TMAO Promotes Platelet Reactivity Normal platelet function is essential for hemostasis and maintenance of a closed circulatory system

10.1111/adb.12760 Addict Biol