Remarkably, glutamine supplementation in these in vitro models completely reversed this process, suggesting that sufficient availability of free glutamine is crucial for optimal epithelial barrier functions
Most weight-loss claims remain speculative
Lactobacilli, first described in 1901, are rod-shaped bacteria central to food fermentation, naturally inhabit the human GI and vaginal tracts, and provide both technological and health benefits when delivered in foods or supplements ( Genomic re-evaluation has recently split the former Lactobacillus genus into 25 genera, including the revised Lactobacillus and new genera such as Lacticaseibacillus, Lactiplantibacillus , and Limosilactobacillus , reflecting substantial phylogenetic diversity with clinical relevance ( Bifidobacterium species, obligate anaerobes colonizing the distal small intestine and colon, support gut homeostasis by metabolizing dietary substrates, inhibiting pathogens, modulating inflammatory responses, maintaining barrier integrity, and contributing to micronutrient and bioactive compound production, with emerging evidence for antitumor potential ( Other genera, such as Enterococcus , are exploited in food systems for their robustness, adhesion capacity, and bacteriocin production, which underpins both probiotic potential and natural biopreservation applications ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae , particularly non-pathogenic probiotic strains, is widely employed as an adjunct therapy for GI disorders such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea
However, the role of oxylipins in plant adaptation and defense mechanism to abiotic stress is less studied
