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Isoenzymes of HACL1 and HACL2 are shown to provide -oxidation of 3-methyl and 2-hydroxy long chain fatty acids, respectively, with HACL2 playing an important role in ceramide formation in the stomach (33)

2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4 , thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation

Moreover, the genera Roseburia and Megamonas were higher, and Escherichia/Shigella was lower in benign brain tumours than malignant brain tumours [183]

Nrf2 in cancers: A double-edged sword