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Several factors can impair B12 absorption: Reduced stomach acid production (achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria), common in older adults and those taking proton pump inhibitors or H2-receptor antagonists long-term, impairs the release of B12 from food proteins Pernicious anaemia , an autoimmune condition destroying parietal cells and reducing intrinsic factor production, completely blocks the primary absorption pathway Gastrointestinal disorders including Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or surgical removal of stomach or ileum sections directly damage absorption sites Metformin , commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, may reduce B12 absorption through unclear mechanisms
Methylcobalamin injections are a very effective treatment for B12 deficiencies commonly found in patients who suffer from disease or have nutritional deficits (such as ultra-low calorie diets or pernicious anemia)
Retrieved September 30, 2025
Bacteriostatic Water (10mL) can be ordered here from Australian Peptide Labs for in-vitro research use, dispatched domestically within Australia with a COA included
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