INTRODUCTION Melasma is an acquired, chronic, and recurrent form of hypermelanosis, which is characterized by symmetrical brown macules and patches of variable darkness on sun exposed areas of the body, typically occurring on the face (lower cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip).[] Though the pathogenesis of melasma is unclear, factors such as genetic makeup, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pregnancy, and hormonal therapy are known to influence the development of melasma
In rare cases, some people may have an allergic reaction
It has been suggested that rearing is a useful marker of environmental novelty, that the hippocampal formation is a crucial component of the system controlling rearing in novel environments (Lever et al., 2006)
The rapid symptom improvement described in a BN case report using liraglutide, with remission occurring within two weeks and maintained for five years [57], may compatible with a possible replacement-like mechanism, although this interpretation remains speculative and requires confirmation in controlled studies
