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NAC activates cystine-glutamate antiport transporters present in astrocytes, leading to the release of glutamate that stimulates extra-synaptic metabotropic receptors (mGluRs), thereby reducing the synaptic release of the neurotransmitter (Baker et al., 2002

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 22.Borner T, et al

After homogenization of each sample with PBS, the solution was centrifuged for 30 min at 14,000 r/min in 4C

The addition of B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12, and niacin) ensures optimal energy production and helps reduce tiredness and fatigue, supporting users through demanding training sessions