In ruminants, this axis may extend to incorporate the rumen as a microbial reservoir: the unique physiology of rumination and eructation creates a cyclical rumen oral lung conduit through which rumen-associated taxa, including Prevotella , Ruminococcus , and Clostridium butyricum , may periodically enter the respiratory tract, as evidenced by their detection in bovine lung samples 193,194
But when tissues are damaged or stressed, the body presents the IRR receptor, waiting for a signal to turn on the repair crew
In light of these concerns, sources such as seeds, herbs, genetically engineered plants, microalgae, macroalgae, and thraustochytrids are now being investigated for the development of vegan omega-3 PUFA commercial products (83)
2016;7(7):CD010692