While nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the most commonly reported gastrointestinal adverse effects with GLP-1-based therapies (occurring in 15-40% of patients depending on the agent and dose), FDA prescribing information for several of these medications does list dyspepsia (indigestion) and, in some cases, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as reported adverse reactions
Clegg LE, Penland RC, Bachina S, Boulton DW, Thuresson M, Heerspink HJL, et al
Research published in Cell Metabolism shows that metabolic changes are strongly correlated with shifts in microbiome composition
So when performing an IPGTT after 30 min of the dosing, the native peptide 1 was already inactive while hybrid 14 demonstrated full activity as predicted again from the blood glucose study