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Concurrently, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) amplifies vascular dysfunction by oxidizing BH4, uncoupling endothelial eNOS, and reducing NO bioavailability while also activating pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., NLRP3 inflammasome) and stimulating NOX activity, creating continuous oxidative damage (Penna and Pagliaro, 2025)
5.2 Neuroregenerative effects CA exhibits neuroprotective properties and influences neurodevelopment [80], as evidenced by its ability to enhance cognitive function and promote brain health in mouse models of aging and Alzheimers disease
Therefore, scientific and reasonable support for cartilage nutrition is of vital importance