reduced glutathione vs oxidized glutathione Oxidation-reduction pathway of (GSH) and oxidized glutathione structure L-Glutathione vs.

These functional isoforms differ in their translation start site, resulting in length variations, with isoform A consisting of 222 amino acids and isoform X1 containing 264 amino acids, including an additional 42 amino acid segment at the N-terminus

Novel small molecules such as erastin and sorafenib have been identified as system Xc inhibitors to promote ferroptosis [22, 23]

Activated caspase-4/5/11 cleaves GSDMD, with its N-terminal fragment forming membrane pores, leading to pyroptosis

After blocking with 5% skimmed milk for 1 h at room temperature, membranes were incubated with specific primary antibodies overnight at 4C