If youre a vegetarian or vegan, or are looking for alternatives to meat and dairy products, there are other foods that contain vitamin B12, such as yeast extract (including Marmite), as well as some fortified breakfast cereals and soy products
The authors reported improved Morris water maze performance (reduced escape latency over the training days), increased synaptophysin (a synaptic-density marker), and lower IL-1 and TNF-, with effects attributed to PI3K/AKT signaling
Finally, the biggest risk is for people who have pernicious anemia, a rare condition in which a person is unable to absorb any B12 through their stomach or intestines people with this condition are the ones who actually need B12 injections
Ershad M, Naji A, Patel P, Vearrier D