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Molecular Structure and Function of Glutathione Glutathione (-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) is a small, low-molecular weight, water-soluble thiol-tripeptide formed by three amino acids (glutamate, cysteine and glycine)

H2S biogenesis by human cystathionine gamma-lyase leads to the novel sulfur metabolites lanthionine and homolanthionine and is responsive to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia

Abbreviations MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells IUA: Intrauterine adhesion BMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells EMs: Endometriosis POI: Primary ovarian insufficiency PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome POP: Pelvic organ prolapse SUI: Stress urinary incontinence ADMSCs: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells MenSCs: Menstrual blood stem cells eMSCs: Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells hUC-MSCs: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells UCB-MSCs: Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells PMSCs: Placenta mesenchymal stem cells PGS: Poly(glycerol sebacate) PLGA: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor IGF: Insulin-like growth factor TGF-1: Transforming growth factor-1 -SMA: Alpha-smooth muscle actin SDF-1: Stromal cell-derived factor-1 CXCR4: CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 IL: Interleukin TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- -SMA: -Smooth muscle actin TGF-1: Transforming growth factor-1 HoxA10: Homeobox A10 LIF: Leukocyte inhibitory factor GFP: Green fluorescent protein HA: Hyaluronic acid GelMA: Methacrylate gelatin ColMA: Methacrylate collagen CK18: Cytokeratin 18 CS: Collagen scaffold hUC-MSCs: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells MLEOs: Multi-lineage endometrial organoids HAAM: Human acellular amniotic membrane MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ERK1/2: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase AKT: Protein kinase B M-CSF: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor TNF-R1: Tumor necrosis factor- receptor 1 IFN-: Interferon- MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase VEGFA: Vascular endothelial growth factor A ER1: Estrogen receptor 1 PGR: Progesterone receptor POF: Premature ovarian failure FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone E2: Estradiol CTX: Cyclophosphamide ZP3: Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 TSG-6: Tumor necrosis factor- stimulated gene-6 PMN: Polymorphonuclear neutrophil M: Macrophage HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1 Th1: T helper cell type 1 Th2: T helper cell type 2 NGF: Nerve growth factor TrkA: Tropomyosin receptor kinase A Nrf-2: Nuclear-related factor-2 FTH1: Ferritin heavy chain 1 GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4 PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog FOXO3a: Forkhead box O3a JNK: c-Jun n-terminal kinase Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 KEAP1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 FGF: Fibroblast growth factor PFD: Pelvic floor dysfunction VECM: Vagina-implantable electro-stimulated stem cell mesh EC: Endometrial cancer MV: Measles virus POR: Poor ovarian response AMH: Anti-mllerian hormone AFC: Antral follicle count References Zakrzewski W, Dobrzyski M, Szymonowicz M, et al