In the Philippines, where the administration of IV whitening drips is rampant, several adverse effects have been reported from the off-label use of IV glutathione for skin whitening
Yang Y, Cui X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li X, Lin L, Zhang H (2014) Exendin-4, an analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1, attenuates hyperalgesia through serotonergic pathways in rats with neonatal colonic sensitivity
Some common side effects of this medicine include joint pain, injection site reactions (such as pain, swelling, and redness) and leg cramps
The study observed a reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota of individuals with insomnia, alongside an increase in gram-negative and potentially pathogenic bacteria compared to a control group