doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1686777 Received 15 August 2025 Revised 15 November 2025 Accepted 28 November 2025 Published 12 January 2026 Volume 12 - 2025 Edited by Andrea Orellana-Manzano, Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Ecuador Reviewed by Paulina Cerda Opazo, Autonomous University of Chile, Chile Aliakbar Fazaeli, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran Updates Copyright 2026 Garutti, de Scordilli, Alberti, Mazzeo, Michelotti, Fagioli, Del Conte, Casirati, Caccialanza, Bartolini and Puglisi
GLP-1 and GLP-1 RA (such as Exenatide and Liraglutide) were shown to have an anti-inflammatory action by reducing monocyte adhesion and macrophage accumulation, thus stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque, and slowing atherosclerosis in animal models [47,48,49]
Ethics statement The studies involving humans were approved by Institutional Review Board for Clinical Research of Tokai University
The most widely studied of these polymorphisms as it pertains to homocysteine are those that occur in the MTHFR gene