Among them, metabolic modulators, exemplified by metformin, effectively regulate the Treg/Th17 balance of patients with RA through the activation of AMPK and the inhibition of key signaling pathways, such as mTOR, STAT3, and HIF-1, attenuating the inflammatory response and inhibiting osteoclast formation, thereby alleviating disease progression (219)
Additionally, the co-localization of SLC7A11 and Sec24 C was verified by immunofluorescence assays (Fig
Membrane disruption, oxidized lipid signaling, protein and DNA modification, and chronic inflammation are some of the consequences of ROS-lipid interaction [53]
Dysregulation of ketone metabolism contributes to the pathologies of some cardiometabolic diseases and can lead to insulin resistance