In a healthy organism, ROS, which include superoxide radical (O 2 ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), H 2 O 2 , perhydroxyl radical O 2 H , or hydroxyl radical (OH ), regulate various physiological processes such as differentiation, stress signaling, long-distance signaling, redox levels, immune response, cell death, etc
PMC 2265711
"It's not true that there's something inherent in peptides that makes it not susceptible to the conventional aspects of FDA regulation," Peter Lurie with the science advocacy group Center for Science in the Public Interest told Business Insider
FIGURE 2 Urinary-excreted phytochemicals and their protective effects in interstitial cystitis Several urinary-excreted phytochemicals have been identified for their beneficial effects in interstitial cystitis (IC) management, mainly by reducing inflammation, combating oxidative stress, and strengthening the urothelial barrier