Primary endpoints should center on pain and function Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores), structure (MRI evaluation with delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) when appropriate), and time to milestones (return to sport)

1 Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks among the most incident and lethal malignancies in men globally, representing the second leading cause of solid tumor-related mortality in Europe and the United States ( CRPC transformation mechanisms are complex and multifaceted, involving sustained AR pathway activation ( Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a simple-structured glycerophospholipid, functions as a multifunctional bioactive mediator with diverse biological roles ( 2 Fundamentals of lysophosphatidic acid metabolism and signal transduction 2.1 LPA synthesis and degradation LPA is a structurally simple bioactive phospholipid, consisting of a glycerol backbone, a phosphate head, and a single acyl chain ( in vivo condition: unsaturated fatty acids (16:1, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4) and saturated fatty acids (16:0, 18:0) ( Figure 1 )
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821 This long-range communication of nucleotide status in the G-domain to other regions of the protein is canonical long-range allostery, and a hallmark of G-proteins in general