Yes, daily cigar smoking can lead to nicotine dependence even without inhalation
Small area estimation models We applied previously described small area models to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking for US counties [2123]
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Authors details Dr Janine Nip, ASPIRE Aotearoa Research Centre, and Department of Public Health, tkou Whakaihu Waka | University of Otago Prof Richard Edwards, ASPIRE Aotearoa Research Centre, and Head of Public Health of the College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University Prof Janet Hoek, Co-Director of ASPIRE Aotearoa Research Centre, and Department of Public Health, tkou Whakaihu Waka | University of Otago Assoc Prof Andrew Waa, Co-Director of ASPIRE Aotearoa Research Centre, and Department of Public Health, tkou Whakaihu Waka | University of Otago Lani Teddy, ASPIRE Aotearoa Research Centre, and Department of Public Health, tkou Whakaihu Waka | University of Otago Appendix 1