Signs and symptoms of chronic alcohol abuse include medical conditions such as pancreatitis, gastritis, (liver) cirrhosis, neuropathy, anemia, cerebellar (brain) atrophy, alcoholic cardiomyopathy (heart disease), Wernicke's encephalopathy (abnormal brain functioning), Korsakoff's dementia, central pontine myelinolysis (brain degeneration), seizures, confusion, malnutrition, hallucinations, peptic (stomach) ulcers, and gastrointestinal bleeding
Depressed smokers and stage of change: implications for treatment interventions. Drug and alcohol dependence 76.2 (2004): 143-151
Since depressed vapers and smokers tend to consume more nicotine on average than non-depressed nicotine users, they are naturally at an increased risk of nicotine dependence
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