is chewing tobacco safer What smokeless tobacco? It's that isn't burned, but that doesn't mean it's safe. These products are used by chewing, placing in the mouth, or dissolving, and the nicotine is still IS DIPPING TOBACCO A SAFE

The last two decades have seen the introduction of combustion-free nicotine delivery alternatives that produce significantly lower levels of the harmful components in cigarette smoke, and researchers have begun to assess the impact of switching from cigarettes to these products

Last April, Christiani and Lee, along with Harvard Chan Schools Joseph Allen, assistant professor of exposure assessment science, had published a study that found bacterial and fungal toxins in many popular e-cigarette products sold in the U.S

When I covered the health effects of nicotine last year, I asked Adam Leventhal, director of the USC Health, Emotion, and Addiction Laboratory, how the two drugs compared

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052084 42