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In the original validity and reliability study, sensitivity was reported as 89.6%, specificity as 86.5%, and Cronbachs alpha was 0.83 7

There are more than 93,000 smoking-related deaths in Italy every year, costing the economy more than 26 billion annually, according to Alessandro Miani, president of the Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA)

The report cited studies by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) studies into vaping, and the deaths of at least 13 people in the US reportedly due to mysterious e-cigarette-related illnesses has led to calls for bans around the world

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