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Although we cannot make causal inferences from these correlational data, the 2017 ATS provides some evidence in support of ENDS use as a potential gateway to smoking: 54% of current, former, and experimental smokers (see Table 2 for a summary of the four smoking status categories) who thought ENDS were available when they started smoking used ENDS before smoking a cigarette.

According to an article published by the British Medical Journal (BMJ), in February 2024, around 11.2% of consumers in South California used disposable e-cigarettes

Smoke from a cigarette, pipe or the like releases dangerous toxins into the atmosphere

Law enforcement officers deal with uncountable serious or critical situations, have to make split-second decisions and in todays day and age, have to live up to public expectations of perfection, whether reasonable or not