However, they point out that because their study is observational, and one of the first to address this issue, "inferences regarding whether this association is or is not causal cannot yet be made." The strengths of the study, they report, are the demographically diverse sample, the repeated measures of tobacco use, the exclusion of ever-smokers at baseline, the high follow-up rate, the comprehensive assessment of multiple combustible tobacco products, and the statistical control for important covariates
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Watch our Great American Smoke Out slideshow, A Tip a Day for Keeping Tobacco Away, with 14 tips from our Tobacco Treatment Specialist Teresa
In 2017, UCLA researchers found that nonsmokers who started vaping nicotine showed signs of increased cardiac risk after using just one e-cigarette