calculating pack years for cigarettes How do I calculate a patient's pack-year smoking history? Pack-Year Calculation

The update confirms the evidence published in the November version, but, with the addition of 10 studies for this review, the Cochrane authors have increased their confidence ratings from GRADE: MODERATE to HIGH confidence for ENDS as more effective than NRT (nicotine replacement therapy) and increased to GRADE: LOW confidence for ENDS increased effectiveness compared to behavioral support/no support

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